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Metformin and the gastrointestinal tract.

Metformin is an effective agent with a good safety profile that is widely used as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, yet its mechanisms of action and variability in terms of efficacy and side effects remain poorly understood. Although the liver is recognised as a major site of metformin pharmacodynamics, recent evidence also implicates the gut as an important site of action. Metformin has a number of actions within the gut. It increases intestinal glucose uptake and lactate production, increases GLP-1 concentrations and the bile acid pool within the intestine, and alters the microbiome. A novel delayed-release preparation of metformin has recently been shown to improve glycaemic control to a similar extent to immediate-release metformin, but with less systemic exposure. We believe that metformin response and tolerance is intrinsically linked with the gut. This review examines the passage of metformin through the gut, and how this can affect the efficacy of metformin treatment

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Metformin and the gastrointestinal tract.

> 商业许可源文 · EUROPE_PMC · [CC-BY](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)

书目信息

  • 引用：McCreight LJ, Bailey CJ, Pearson ER. (2016). Metformin and the gastrointestinal tract. Diabetologia. PMID 26780750 · PMC4742508 · DOI 10.1007/s00125-015-3844-9
  • 证据类型：REVIEW
  • 主题：metagenomics
  • 被引次数（采集时）：522
  • 原始记录：[Europe PMC](https://europepmc.org/article/MED/26780750)
  • 来源许可：[CC-BY](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)

    • 作者摘要（按来源许可复用）

    Metformin is an effective agent with a good safety profile that is widely used as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, yet its mechanisms of action and variability in terms of efficacy and side effects remain poorly understood. Although the liver is recognised as a major site of metformin pharmacodynamics, recent evidence also implicates the gut as an important site of action. Metformin has a number of actions within the gut. It increases intestinal glucose uptake and lactate production, increases GLP-1 concentrations and the bile acid pool within the intestine, and alters the microbiome. A novel delayed-release preparation of metformin has recently been shown to improve glycaemic control to a similar extent to immediate-release metformin, but with less systemic exposure. We believe that metformin response and tolerance is intrinsically linked with the gut. This review examines the passage of metformin through the gut, and how this can affect the efficacy of metformin treatment in the individual, and contribute to the side effects associated with metformin intolerance.

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    Metformin and the gastrointestinal tract. · GeniOmics